Login

Accidental espionage: how iMessage conversations end up in the wrong handsets

iMessage Stealing

Terrifying tales have surfaced recently of unsuspecting iPhone users that have had their private conversations swiped by thieves or intercepted by accident, and through our own independent test we've confirmed the issue and at least one way it could arise — but, to be clear, that doesn't mean you should hit the panic button.

Stories about a potential iMessages bug swirled after users started to report on the issue in forums — one user in a MacRumors thread said that after having their iPhone stolen, their iMessages were still being intercepted by the thief despite a remote wipe. In December, Ars Technica reported that one of their readers had befallen a similar fate. And recently, Gizmodo intercepted a bunch of private communications from an Apple store employee after taking an iPhone 4 in for repairs.

Apple representative Natalie Harrison tells us that the problem in the Gizmodo case is not a bug with iMessage, but rather a rare situation in which a retail employee broke protocol and used their personal SIM to help a customer that didn't have a working SIM. But what about those who have their iPhones or SIMs stolen? The issue may not be a catastrophic "bug," but it's certainly a reproducible exploit. So here's what you need to know.

The SIM-swapping field test

With the iPhones of our own Ross Miller, Patrick Austin, and Chris Welch as test subjects, we've successfully reproduced the iMessage issue. This can be done with any SIM-equipped iPhone at any time, but the process is imperfect and time-consuming.

For this test, we used three carrier-locked iPhones — henceforth described simply as the Victim (the original iPhone), the Spy (the conversation-scraping iPhone), and the Bystander (a garrulous third party).

First, make sure iMessage is set up on all phones. From the Settings → iMessage window, you should see the phone number listed and grayed out. As an note, iMessage is a substitute for SMS; when iMessage is enabled, the iPhone sends iMessages instead of SMS, and vice-versa.

Now, take out the Victim's SIM card and put it in the Spy's iPhone. On the Victim's phone you'll get a "No SIM installed" pop-up and and the Settings → Phone menu will be inaccessible, but sure enough, the phone number will still be listed under iMessage.

Imessage-grayed-number-rm-verge

The Spy's phone, however — now containing the Victim's SIM card — will attempt to verify said card. This will take several minutes, but the process can be expedited by turning the phone off and on. The same phone number will then be connected to both iPhones, despite having different Apple IDs. You can put the Victim's SIM card back in his or her phone or simply toss it away.

What happens next

From the Bystander's iPhone (with iMessage on — it doesn't happen otherwise), send a message to the Victim's phone number. Both the Victim and the Spy will get it, despite only one of them having a SIM card. If either iPhone responds, both will see it come up as a "sent" message. The SIM-less iPhone can intercept (and even join in) all of someone else's iMessage conversations without any signs of intrusion. It'll look as if your phone is possessed.

If the Victim turns off iMessage, it would only serve to cut them out of the loop. The Bystander's phone would still detect iMessage to be working (via the Spy's phone), and would send iMessages to the Spy's phone that the Victim won't be able to see.

How to disable

As the Victim

Imessage-sms-switch-opt5-rm-verge

When we remote wiped the Victim's iPhone, iMessages was disabled, but only when the SIM was removed. If the SIM is still in the phone, as may be the case in a scenario where the phone is stolen, iMessages can still be reactivated, but only if that SIM is still valid. Therefore, if you're the Victim, your best bet is to perform a remote wipe and then immediately deactivate the old SIM card after our own test, we've confirmed that this method will invalidate the old SIM, clear the phone, and prevent it from being reactivated with your phone number.

As the Spy

This whole issue stems from the phone number staying tied to the phone's iMessage service even after ejection. The iPhone itself clearly knows the SIM is missing, as exhibited by the disabled Phone settings. If, however, you have the SIM-less iPhone and you're tired of invading someone else's privacy, popping in another SIM card or even just turning iMessage off and on should sever ties completely.

Why this (probably) doesn't matter

We've recreated all this in a controlled environment, but that doesn't exactly mean it might come up in a real world setting — the biggest danger here is that someone might swipe your SIM card, slap it in a spare iPhone, put it back in your iPhone after verification, and then monitor all of your conversations without you ever knowing. And since this all takes place on the physical level, your messages can be swiped even if your phone is passcode locked. And what if your phone is stolen? In that case, you can always default to normal panic mode, which is the same on all platforms.

Of course, if someone ever does get their hands on your iPhone, there's a whole host of other nefarious things that they could do than swipe your SIM card — so the issue might not deserve some of the hysteria we've seen across the web, but it's also clearly a risk that Apple needs to address. Until then, it's just one more reason to think twice the next time you consider leaving your iPhone unattended at the bar.

Ross Miller contributed his words, time, and sense of privacy to this report. Special thanks to Patrick Austin, Chris Welch, David Pierce, and Michael Shane, as well.

Comments

Why does iMessage have anything to do with the SIM card to begin with?

because they use the phone number as the user name

It registers your phone number in an Apple database as an “iMessage-capable number”.

When you put in someone’s number to send an SMS, your iPhone quickly cross references this database to see if the number is present. If it is, it switches to iMessage. If not, it sends SMS.

Won’t simply changing your iTunes / iMessage account password solve the problem? I mean, the phone makes me log in with my password in order to turn iMessage on, so if that was changed on another phone or computer, won’t that simply disable the stolen phone from being linked to my account and seeing MY iMessages? Otherwise, what’s the point of forcing users to log in with their password when they turn iMessage on?

Nope.
This function actually has nothing to do with your iTunes account.

Actually it does. I register with my iTunes account, so obviously thats the identifying info. Good idea, JRX, lets see if it’s how this works

Furthermore, nice reporting guys.

and still the question remains: how long until a) Apple acknowledges the issue and b) fixes it?

That’s what you get for using a SIM based authentication system….

So, your conclusion is that something is wrong but it doesn’t matter? Hmmm?

It does matter, but unlike a true “bug,” it’s not likely to affect a substantial number of users. Considering that someone would need physical access to the person’s phone, and because it’s a time-consuming process, it’s not a widely available exploit.

It’s also very easily prevented by putting a PIN on your SIM card. Since the PIN is required before the iPhone can do anything with the SIM card — including reading the phone number — then if somebody “borrows” your SIM card and puts it into their iPhone,, it can’t be used anyway.

Putting a PIN code on your SIM card is a good idea even regardless of the iMessage issues… If your iPhone were ever stolen, having somebody else intercept your iMessages may be the least of your worries compared to having them rack up a huge international long distance bill on your account.

This should really be part of the article:

Settings → Phone → SIM PIN → (turn on SIM PIN)

Problem solved.

Do a bit of digging outside this article.
A pin wont stop it
Changing your iTunes password wont stop it
Remote wiping your phone wont stop it….

I can see this problem getting exploited a lot in the high school age, when people like to dick around with each other. Someone is is at a get together with friends, and leaves his phone somewhere and goes to the bathroom. Other people around steal their iMessage id, and start texting people, and the person whose phone/number they are using has no idea. This could cause amazing amounts of problems with high school age kids, just saying.

Another thing that is wrong with this is the fact that if you are someone who uses an iPhone and a dumbphone (no, not featurephone, straight up dumb phone) when you go camping or just plain go do something stupid that you don’t want your expensive device around for, you will not receive messages from anyone with an iPhone. I did a terrible job of explaining this part, but for example, if you take your SIM out of your iPhone and put it in a super old nokia bar phone, all messages sent to you will go as an iMessage instead of as a real SMS message that could make it to your Nokia. Depending on how long you are away, this could be a real issue if someone is trying to text you to get ahold of you, knowing that you will have spotty coverage.

Like, seriously? why not just have it only have the phone number when the actual SIM is in your device? Is this really so hard to do?

Actually, if your iPhone is not reachable via iMessage, the sending phone should eventually fall back to sending the messages as an SMS, although that may sometimes take a few minutes.

This isn’t only an issue if you put your SIM card into another iPhone — it also occurs in scenarios where you’re simply out of data coverage but otherwise have cellular coverage, or if you’re roaming internationally.

The best way to prevent this from every really becoming a problem is to put a passcode lock (PIN) on your SIM card (see https://plus.google.com/u/0/113401878552316091712/posts/LL8qEp5nU4K).

If your SIM card is passcode locked, then even if somebody were to temporarily “borrow” your SIM card to put it into their own iPhone, it wouldn’t work, as they would need to enter the PIN to actually access the SIM card — iMessage wouldn’t register the new phone number without the PIN being entered, since the iPhone can’t even read the SIM card when it’s locked. Similarly, the PIN is required to unlock the SIM card whenever the iPhone is restarted, which would prevent the iPhone from re-registering with the iMessage servers after it’s been remote-wiped.

Yes. The short, simple answer is PIN SIM security. It’s almost as easy as dim sum chicken.

The simplest solution would be if Apple fixed the bug ;)

THe problem I see is with PrePay SIMs, I was just in the UK for a few weeks so got a PrePaid SIM for my iPhone, while I was there I was using iMessage etc, so that number will be tied to my account. PrePay numbers are often re-used after quite a short period of time of inactivity, so in as little as 3 months, that number could be given out to someone else, and they will start getting my iMessages?

We really need a place where we can just remove registered numbers from our accounts.

That’s true only if people are still sending iMessages to your old, now-reassigned phone number.

Otherwise, if you’ve registered a new phone number, on a new prepaid SIM card, then people should be using that one instead, as would iMessage, of course.

In that regard, it’s just like SMS. Of course, if you’re planning on using a prepaid SIM card and then letting the service lapse so the number gets reassigned, that’s not really what you’re supposed to do with an iPhone anyway, and there’s nothing Apple can really do to prevent that, since somebody else legitimately has that number.

If you’re worried about that being an issue, your best bet is to use your Apple ID and e-mail address for iMessage instead, and make sure everybody else is using that as well.

Ah OK, was thinking that it broadcast the iMessage to all registered numbers and emails. No worries then.

Would this affect people with CDMA iPhones?
Given the whole no sim card thing.

The lack of a SIM card makes it almost impossible to pull the “spy trick” with a CDMA iPhone, since there’s no way to get your phone number to show up on somebody else’s device.

On the flip side, however, this makes the stolen iPhone issue potentially more serious since there’s no way to lock the SIM (since there isn’t one — at least not for the primary number).

So, let’s say I hypothetically bought an iPhone 4S today, then sold it next October because I can’t stop myself from buying an iPhone 5. Before I walk on down to the friendly Ukrainians at the local PS3-repair-and-secondhand-iPhone-store that crisp October evening, I will need to have:

1. Removed my old SIM
2. Wiped my iPhone 4S while there was no SIM in the slot

As long as I do them in that order, the old phone won’t re-imprint the old SIM data into iMessage, right?

This is exactly what I’m wondering, everyone has been experimenting with replicating the exploit, but I want clear confirmation that you can undo it by wiping the iphone sans sim.

This is stupid. Who doesn’t immediately change all their passwords as soon as a phone is lost or stolen?? I don’t care if you do a remote wipe, it’s dumb not to still change all your passwords, period. Once the account info was changed, features like iMessage wouldn’t work anymore. I’d immediately change my iTunes account password, done.

Chuckle
Sorry Jr, that has no affect on it.

What about CDMA phones.

Thank goodness Apple devices have no viruses.

So if iMessage is affected by this issue, then technically, all other messaging services that use the phone number as identification (WhatsApp, Kik, etc) will be prone to this hack/workaround. Right?

I can confirm that Kik does not use phone number for identification. That’s stricly username only.

My Lesson Learned: Sprint and Verizon iPhones are safe (since they don’t use SIM cards)

You’re also safe if you don’t let people remove your SIM cards. Honestly if you let somebody else handle your phone they could jailbreak it and install a tracker on it, or do whatever. So this isn’t really a bit additional security concern. It’s not like you’re casually handing our your SIM card all the time.

Oh..

Settings → Phone →SIM PIN → Set SIM PIN

Problem solved.

And this is the reason why enterprise IT always hands out Blackberries.

Of course, apart from the fact BBM does exactly the same thing, as someone has already mentioned in these comments (intact, kind of worse).

Blackberry’s get handed out because of the email integration, which is less and less relevant every day as the other platforms surpass it’s features and compatibility.

Really? Wow, that’s strange. Maybe Apple copied BBM a bit too closely ;)

where is the part of the SIM PIN-CODE? no one can swipe it !

It’s something normal. I do not find it to be a bug. It’s how it is. Once the account is reregister on the iPhone it stay there until you sign off of course.

Typical Apple, you’re doing it wrong senario, that its “not a bug with iMessage, but rather a rare situation in which a retail employee broke protocol”. What happened to responsibility??

Meh. Obviously a bug in iMessage. If you’re using the SIM card / phone number as ID, you better make sure you remove that info when the SIM is removed.

Seems like a simple bug – they should disable iMessage as soon as the SIM is removed. The fact they’re caching the SIM information is either a design flaw or an oversight, but the next OS upgrade will fix that, I am sure.

The it would work just like text messages and phone calls – only the phone with the correct SIM installed receives those.

Is there actually no edit button? “Then it would work…”

2 things:

1. If you no longer have your phone and didn’t turn off iMessage (say if you move to an Android handset), anyone with an iOS device will continue sending iMessages (and they will be shown as delivered) and you won’t receive the SMS – they just go into a black hole.

2. There is an easy fix for this – let people login to their iCloud account and view devices attached, and disable iMessage at the server side.

Switching SIM’s is still an issue, but a SIM PIN can stop this.

Shane.

Experienced something similar when swapping networks (O2 to 3). New 4s had a temporary number for a few days until the O2 number was ported over. Took a while to figure out what was going on and resolve it. Question is: what happened to the temp 3 number? Will it get recycled and passed on to someone else? If so do they get to ‘spy’ on my iMessages??

I wish this “bug” let me swap my SIM to my iPad so that my iMessages sent to my phone number would be able to sync across my devices. I know I can get it working with my email address though that is not too helpful if you have friends who are still sending messages to your phone number.

iMessage, FaceTime, GChat, Hangouts… Whatever, neither Apple or Google will ever cover the same quality and quantity as Live Messenger/Skype/Facebook, let’s face it, Facebook will eventually turn to be a social media division in MSFT. Seems at Redmon, whatever people say, they’re doing things right.

You must log in with your Verge account to post a comment.

If you do not yet have a Verge account, please sign up for one!

The Verge